Switching amplifier with pulsed current supply

ABSTRACT

A switching amplifying method or a switching amplifier for obtaining one or more than one linearly amplified replicas of an input signal, is highly efficient, and does not have the disadvantage of “dead time” problem related to the class D amplifiers. Said switching amplifying method comprises the steps of: receiving the input signal; pulse modulating the input signal for generating a pulse modulated signal; switching a pulsed current from a direct current (DC) voltage according to the pulse modulated signal; conducting said pulsed current positively or negatively to a filter according to the polarity of the input signal; filtering said pulsed current positively or negatively conducted to the filter for outputting an output signal by the filter.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(1) Field of the Invention

This invention is related in general to a power amplifier, and moreparticularly, to a switching amplifier that can efficiently and linearlyamplify an input signal having first and second polarities for obtaininga low-distortion output signal.

(2) Description of the Related Art

Amplifiers are electronic devices which are used for increasing thepower of a signal, and are generally categorized into various classes.The popular amplifiers include class A, class B and class D amplifiers.Reference is made to the exemplary U.S. Patents that disclose varioustypes of amplifiers: U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,952,426; 7,816,985; 7,400,191;7,286,008; 6,922,101; 6,794,932; 6,563,377; 6,356,151; 6,282,747;5,949,282; 5,805,020; 5,767,740; 5,160,896; 5,115,205; 5,014,016;4,531,096 and 3,629,616.

In general, class A amplifiers produce a linearly amplified replica ofan input signal, but are inefficient in terms of power usage because theamplifying elements are always biased and conducting, even if there isno input.

Class B amplifiers only amplify half of the input wave cycle, thuscreating a large amount of distortion, but their efficiency is greatlyimproved and is much better than class A. A practical circuit usingclass B elements is the push-pull stage, such as the very simplifiedcomplementary pair arrangement. Complementary or quasi-complementarydevices are each used for amplifying the opposite halves of the inputsignal, which is then recombined at the output. This arrangement givesexcellent efficiency, but can suffer from the drawback that there is asmall mismatch in the cross-over region—at the “joins” between the twohalves of the signal, as one output device has to take over supplyingpower exactly as the other finishes. This is called crossoverdistortion.

In a class D amplifier an input signal is converted to a sequence ofhigher voltage output pulses. The averaged-over-time power values ofthese pulses are directly proportional to the instantaneous amplitude ofthe input signal. The frequency of the output pulses is typically ten ormore times the highest frequency in the input signal to be amplified.The output pulses contain inaccurate spectral components (that is, thepulse frequency and its harmonics) which must be removed by a low-passpassive filter. The resulting filtered signal is then a linearlyamplified replica of the input.

The main advantage of a class D amplifier is power efficiency. Becausethe output pulses have fixed amplitude, the switching elements areswitched either completely on or completely off, rather than operated inlinear mode.

However, one significant challenge for a driver circuit in class Damplifiers is keeping dead times as short as possible. “Dead time” isthe period during a switching transition when both output MOSFETs aredriven into Cut-Off Mode and both are “off”. Dead times need to be asshort as possible to maintain an accurate low-distortion output signal,but dead times that are too short cause the MOSFET that is switching onto start conducting before the MOSFET that is switching off has stoppedconducting. The MOSFETs effectively short the output power supplythrough themselves, a condition known as “shoot-through”. Driverfailures that allow shoot-through result in excessive losses andsometimes catastrophic failure of the MOSFETs.

Therefore, the main disadvantage of a class D amplifier is having the“dead time” problem to cause the distortion of the output signal.

In summary, class A amplifiers produce a linearly amplified replica ofan input signal, but are inefficient in terms of power usage. Thepush-pull class B amplifiers provide excellent efficiency (compared toclass A amplifiers), but introduce crossover distortion. Class Damplifiers are most efficient compared to class A and class Bamplifiers, but there is one significant problem for MOSFET drivercircuits in class D amplifiers: the “dead time” that cause thedistortion of the output signal.

Accordingly, in light of current state of the art and the drawbacks tocurrent amplifiers mentioned above. A need exits for a switchingamplifier that would continue to be highly efficient, that wouldefficiently and linearly amplify an input signal for generatinglow-distortion output signals.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention discloses a switching amplifier that produces alinearly amplified replica of an input signal, is highly efficient, anddoes not have the “dead time” problem related to class D amplifiers.

One aspect of the present invention provides a method of obtaining anoutput signal from a direct current (DC) current source, wherein theoutput signal is a linearly amplified replica of an input signal havingfirst and second polarities, comprising the steps of: receiving theinput signal; pulse modulating the input signal for generating a pulsemodulated signal; switching a pulsed current from the direct current(DC) current source according to the pulse modulated signal; conductingsaid pulsed current positively or negatively according to the polarityof the input signal for generating a pulsed output signal; filtering thepulsed output signal for outputting the output signal.

Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a method ofobtaining one or more than one slave output signals that are linearlyamplified replicas of the input signal from the outputs of the directcurrent (DC) current source.

From the switching amplifier in accordance with the present invention,one aspect of the present invention provides a switching amplifier thatis highly efficient and without the “dead time” problem related to theclass D amplifiers.

From the switching amplifier in accordance with the present invention,another aspect of the present invention provides a switching amplifierthat the output signal is completely off when there is no input signal.

From the switching amplifier in accordance with the present invention,yet another aspect of the present invention provides a switchingamplifier which comprised of an act of comparing an input signal with anoutput feedback signal for detection and correction of overall systemsignal processes therefore is substantially immune to a current sourcesupply and load perturbations.

From the switching amplifier in accordance with the present invention,yet another aspect of the present invention provides a switchingamplifier with a negative feedback control that slave output signalstrends to track an output signal for the power supply and load changesfor obtaining multiple output signals are substantially immune to powersupply and load perturbations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other features and advantages of the present generalinventive concept will become more apparent by describing in detailexemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating a firstembodiment of a switching amplifier in accordance with presentinvention, wherein the pulsed current supply unit using an inductor.

FIG. 2 are exemplary waveform diagrams illustrating the variouswaveforms at input and output points of a switching control unit ofvarious figures in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating anembodiment of the amplifier control unit integrating an input signal anda negative feedback signal in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 in accordance with thepresent invention.

FIG. 4 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating a secondembodiment of a switching amplifier in accordance with presentinvention, wherein the pulsed current supply unit using a flybacktransformer having an output winding.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating a thirdembodiment of a switching amplifier in accordance with presentinvention, wherein the pulsed current supply unit using a flybacktransformer having two output windings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of presently preferred embodimentsof the invention and is not intended to represent the only forms inwhich the present invention may be constructed and or utilized.

FIG. 1 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating a firstembodiment of a switching amplifier 100 in accordance with presentinvention, wherein the pulsed current supply unit 102 using an inductor102F.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the switching amplifier 100 of the presentinvention for amplifying an input signal 106 having positive andnegative polarities is comprised of: a pulsed current supply unit 102having a plurality of switches for switching a pulsed direct current(DC) current from a direct current (DC) voltage 109; a switching powertransmitting unit 104 having a plurality of switches and coupled to thepulsed current supply unit 102 for conducting the pulsed direct current(DC) current positively or negatively; an amplifier control unit 105 forreceiving the input signal 106 and coupled to the switches of the pulsedcurrent supply unit 102 and the switching power transmitting unit 104 tocontrol their switching according to the input signal 106; a filter unit107 to obtain an output signal 108 corresponding to the input signal 106by filtering the output of the switching power transmitting unit 104 andoutputting the output signal 108.

The switching amplifier 100 according to present invention, wherein thepulsed current supply unit 102 comprises: an inductance means 102F; afirst switching unit comprising two switches 102A, 102B coupled to theinductance means for switching a current from a direct current (DC)voltage 109 to the inductance means 102F; a second switching unitcomprising a switch 102C and two diode 102D, 102E coupled between theinductance means 102F and the direct current (DC) voltage 109 forswitching a current from the inductance means 102F to the direct current(DC) voltage 109.

The switching amplifier 100 according to present invention, wherein theswitching power transmitting unit 104 comprises: a diode 104A forpreventing a current flow from the filter unit 107 to the pulsed currentsupply unit 102; switches 104B, 104C, 104D, and 104E for transmitting acurrent from the switching power transmitting unit 104 to the filterunit 107 positively or negatively.

The switching amplifier 100 according to present invention, wherein thefilter unit 107 is a low pass filter

In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the input signal 106 is ananalog signal. And it should be noted that it is obvious for acorresponding embodiment of a switching amplifier in accordance withthis invention for an input signal which is a discrete time signal.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the amplifier control unit 105comprises an input unit 105A for receiving the input signal 106 andhaving an analog to digital converter for converting the input signal106 to a discrete time input signal x [n]

x={x[n]}, 0<n<∞;

a pulse modulation unit 105B for getting a pulse modulated signal frompulse modulating the discrete time input signal x[n]; and a switchingcontrol unit 105C coupled to the switches 102A, 102B, and 102C of thepulsed current supply unit 102, the switches 104B, 104C, 104D and 104Eof the switching power transmitting unit 104 to control their switchingaccording to the pulse modulated signal from the pulse modulation unit105B.

In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment 100, the amplifier controlunit 105 is a digital signal processing circuit. And it is obvious for acorresponding embodiment of an analog signal processing circuit for theamplifier control unit 105 in accordance with this invention by using aninput unit for receiving an analog input signal and a pulse modulatorfor pulse modulating said analog input signal.

FIG. 2 are exemplary waveform diagrams illustrating the variouswaveforms at input and output points of switching control units in thecircuits of various figures in accordance with the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a non-limiting exemplary waveform for thepulse modulated signal from the pulse modulation unit 105B isillustrated in FIG. 2(A), since the input signal 106 has first andsecond polarities; therefore, the pulse modulated signal also has firstand second polarities. According to the pulse modulated signalillustrated in FIG. 2(A), a non-limiting exemplary waveform of switchingcontrol signals from the switching control unit 105C to the switches102A and 102B for controlling their switching are illustrated in FIG.2(B); a non-limiting exemplary waveform of switching control signal fromthe switching control unit 105C to the switch 102C for controlling itsswitching is illustrated in FIG. 2(C). Also according to the pulsemodulated signal illustrated in FIG. 2(A), non-limiting exemplarywaveforms of switching control signals from the switching control unit105C to the switches 104B, 104D and 104C, 104E are illustrated in FIG.2(D) and FIG. 2(E), respectively.

Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, when the input signal106 is zero, the switches 104B, 104C, 104D, 104E of the switching powertransmitting unit 104 are all switched off. The switches 102A, 1028 and102C switch on and off alternatively to charge and discharge theinductor 102F to regulate current of the inductor 102F: when theswitches 102A, 102B switch on and 102C switches off, the inductor 102Fis charging energy from the direct current (DC) voltage 109; and whenthe switches 102A, 102B switch off and 102C switches on, the energycontained in the inductor 102F is discharged back to the direct current(DC) voltage 109. Therefore, at steady state, for approximately equalcharging and discharging time, the energy flow in and out of theinductor 102F are equal during each switching, therefore, this switchingkeeps the energy stored in the inductor 102F constant. For theinductance of the inductor 102F is large enough and the switchingfrequency of the switches 102A, 1028 and 102C is fast enough, thecurrent flow through the inductor 102F keeps approximately constantsince its variation is small enough.

When the input signal 106 is not zero, as illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG.2(A)˜2(E), the switches 102A, 102B, 102C and the switching powertransmitting unit 104 switch alternatively to keep the energy stored inthe inductor 102F constant, therefore when the switching powertransmitting unit 104 is switched on, the current from the inductor 102Fto the filter 107 keeps constant.

As illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2(A), 2(D), 2(E) the switches104B˜104E switch for conducting the current from the inductor 102F tothe filter unit 107. For the polarity of the pulse modulated signal FIG.2(A) is positive, the switches 104B, 104D switch on to conduct thecurrent from the inductor 102F to the filter unit 107 positively;otherwise, for the polarity of the pulse modulated signal FIG. 2(A) isnegative, the switches 104C and 104E switch on to conduct the currentfrom the inductor 102F to the filter unit 107 negatively.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the filter unit 107 is a low passfilter to obtain the output signal 108 corresponding to the input signal106 by filtering the output of the switching power transmitting unit 104and outputting the output signal 108.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the level of the outputsignal 108 can be adjusted by control the current level of the inductor102F. Based on the current level feedback signal 110 representing acurrent flow through the inductor 102F, the switching control unit 105Ccan adjust the current flow through the inductor 102F by changing theduty ratio between the charging and discharging periods of the inductor102F according to the current level feedback signal 110.

As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the switching amplifier 100 furthercomprises a negative feedback signal generator 111 to generate anegative feedback signal corresponding to the output signal 112, whereinthe amplifier control unit 105 integrates the input signal 106 and thenegative feedback signal 112.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating anembodiment of the amplifier control unit 105 integrating the inputsignal 106 and a negative feedback signal 112 in FIG. 1 in accordancewith the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 1, the input unit 105A has an analogto digital converter 301 and further comprises a linear digitaltransformer 302 and a negative feedback controller 303. Wherein theanalog to digital converter 301 receives the input signal 106 andconverts the input signal 106 to a discrete time input signal:

x={x[n]}, 0<n<∞;

The linear digital transformer 302 transforms the discrete time inputsignal x[n] by multiplying a gain G to the discrete time input signal(the default value of the gain G is 1):

X[n]={G×x[n]), 0<n<∞

to get a compensated discrete time signal X[n] and sends the compensateddiscrete time signal X[n] to pulse modulation unit 105B.Accordingly, for the switching amplifier 100 further comprises thenegative feedback signal generator 111 to generate the negative feedbacksignal corresponding to the output signal 112 and the amplifier controlunit 105 integrates the input signal 106 and the negative feedbacksignal 112, the pulse modulation unit 105B receives the compensateddiscrete time signal X[n].

As further illustrated in FIG. 3, the negative feedback controller 303receives the discrete time input signal from the analog to digitalconverter 301 and compares it to the negative feedback signal 112,therefore to adjust the gain G of the linear digital transformer 302according to the comparison. For example, if the negative feedbacksignal 112 corresponding to the output signal 108 shows that the outputsignal 108 is below a required level, then the negative feedbackcontroller 303 will increase the gain G of the linear digitaltransformer 302 to increase the output signal 108, wherein said requiredlevel is obtained according to the discrete time input signal.

In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment 100, the amplifier controlunit 105 is a digital signal processing circuit. And it is obvious for acorresponding embodiment of an analog signal processing circuit for theamplifier control unit 105 in accordance with this invention by using ananalog input unit for receiving an analog input signal, a programmablegain amplifier for amplifying the an analog input signal and a pulsemodulator for pulse modulating said amplified analog signal.

FIG. 4 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating a secondembodiment of a switching amplifier 400 in accordance with presentinvention.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the switching amplifier 400 of the presentinvention for amplifying an input signal 106 having positive andnegative polarities is comprised of: a pulsed current supply unit havinga plurality of switches 402 for switching a pulsed direct current (DC)current from a direct current (DC) voltage 109; a switching powertransmitting unit 404 having a plurality of switches 404B, 404C, 404D,404E and coupled to the pulsed current supply unit for conducting thepulsed direct current (DC) current positively or negatively; anamplifier control unit 105 for receiving the input signal 106 andcoupled to the switches 402 of the pulsed current supply unit and theswitching power transmitting unit 404 to control their switchingaccording to the input signal 106; a filter unit 407 to obtain an outputsignal 408 corresponding to the input signal 106 by filtering the outputof the switching power transmitting unit 404 and outputting the outputsignal 408.

The switching amplifier 400 of the present invention, wherein its pulsedcurrent supply unit comprises: a flyback transformer 401; a firstswitching unit 402A coupled to the flyback transformer 401 for switchinga current from a direct current (DC) voltage 109 to the flybacktransformer 401; a second switching unit 402B coupled between theflyback transformer 401 and the direct current (DC) voltage 109 forswitching a current from the flyback transformer 401 to the directcurrent (DC) voltage 109; wherein the pulsed current supply unit outputsa pulsed current when the switches of the first switching unit 402A andthe second switching unit 402B are all switched off. A diode means 402Cis for preventing a current flow from the direct current (DC) voltage109 to the secondary winding 401B.

The switching amplifier 400 of the present invention, wherein theflyback transformer 401 comprises: a primary winding 401A coupled to thefirst switching unit 402A for charging energy to the flyback transformerfrom the direct current (DC) voltage 109; a secondary winding 401Bcoupled to the second switching unit 402B for discharging energy storedin the flyback transformer 401 to the direct current (DC) voltage 109;an output winding unit comprising an output winding 401C for dischargingenergy stored in the flyback transformer to the output signal 408.

The switching amplifier 400 of the present invention, wherein theswitching power transmitting unit 404 comprises: a diode means unit 404Afor preventing a current flow from the filter unit 407 to the pulsedcurrent supply unit; a plurality of switches 404B, 404C, 404D, 404E fortransmitting a current from the pulsed current supply unit to the filterunit 407 positively or negatively.

FIG. 2 are exemplary waveform diagrams illustrating the variouswaveforms at input and output points of switching control units in thecircuits of various figures in accordance with the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a non-limiting exemplary waveform for thepulse modulated signal from the pulse modulation unit 105B isillustrated in FIG. 2(A), since the input signal 106 has first andsecond polarities; therefore, the pulse modulated signal also has firstand second polarities. According to the pulse modulated signalillustrated in FIG. 2(A), a non-limiting exemplary waveform of switchingcontrol signals from the switching control unit 105C to the switch 402Afor controlling its switching is illustrated in FIG. 2(B); anon-limiting exemplary waveform of switching control signal from theswitching control unit 105C to the switch 402B for controlling itsswitching is illustrated in FIG. 2(C). Also according to the pulsemodulated signal illustrated in FIG. 2(A), non-limiting exemplarywaveforms of switching control signals from the switching control unit105C to the switches 404B, 404D and 404C, 404E are illustrated in FIG.2(D) and FIG. 2(E), respectively.

Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 2, when the input signal106 is zero, the switches 404B, 404C, 404D, 404E of the switching powertransmitting unit 404 are all switched off. The switches 402A and 402Bswitch on and off alternatively to charge and discharge the flybacktransformer 401 to regulate current of the flyback transformer 401: whenthe switch 402A switches on and 402B switches off, the flybacktransformer 401 is charging energy from the direct current (DC) voltage109; and when the switch 402A switches off and 402B switches on, theenergy contained in the flyback transformer 401 is discharged back tothe direct current (DC) voltage 109. Therefore, at steady state, forapproximately equal charging and discharging time, the energy flow inand out of the flyback transformer 401 are equal during each switching,therefore, this switching keeps the energy stored in the flybacktransformer 401 constant. For the inductance of the primary winding 401Ais large enough and the switching frequency of the switches 402A and402B is fast enough, the current flow through the flyback transformer401 keeps approximately constant since its variation is small enough.

When the input signal 106 is not zero, as illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG.2(A)˜2(E), the switches 402A, 402B and the switching power transmittingunit 404 switch alternatively to keep the energy stored in the flybacktransformer 401 constant, therefore when the switching powertransmitting unit 404 is switched on, the current from the flybacktransformer 401 to the filter 407 keeps constant.

As illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 2(A), 2(D), 2(E) the switches404B˜404E switch for conducting the current from the flyback transformer401 to the filter unit 407. For the polarity of the pulse modulatedsignal FIG. 2(A) is positive, the switches 404B, 404D switch on forconducting the current from the flyback transformer 401 to the filterunit 407 positively; otherwise, for the polarity of the pulse modulatedsignal FIG. 2(A) is negative, the switches 404C and 404E switch on forconducting the current from the flyback transformer 401 to the filterunit 407 negatively.

As further illustrated in FIG. 4, the filter unit 407 is a low passfilter to obtain the output signal 408 corresponding to the input signal106 by filtering the output of the switching power transmitting unit 404and outputting the output signal 408.

As further illustrated in FIG. 4 and FIG. 2, the level of the outputsignal 408 can be adjusted by control the current level of the flybacktransformer 401. Based on the current level feedback signal 410representing a current flow through the flyback transformer 401, theswitching control unit 105C can adjust the current flow through theflyback transformer 401 by changing the duty ratio between the chargingand discharging periods of the flyback transformer 401 according to thecurrent level feedback signal 410.

As further illustrated in FIG. 4, the switching amplifier 400 furthercomprises a negative feedback signal generator 111 to generate anegative feedback signal corresponding to the output signal 112, whereinthe amplifier control unit 105 integrates the input signal 106 and thenegative feedback signal 112.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating anembodiment of the amplifier control unit 105 integrating the inputsignal 106 and a negative feedback signal 112 in FIG. 4 in accordancewith the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the input unit 105A has an analogto digital converter 301 and further comprises a linear digitaltransformer 302 and a negative feedback controller 303. Wherein theanalog to digital converter 301 receives the input signal 106 andconverts the input signal 106 to a discrete time input signal:

x={x[n]), 0<n<∞;

The linear digital transformer 302 transforms the discrete time inputsignal x[n] by multiplying a gain G to the discrete time input signal(the default value of the gain G is 1):

X[n]={G×x[n]), 0<n<∞

to get a compensated discrete time signal X[n] and sends the compensateddiscrete time signal X[n] to pulse modulation unit 105B.Accordingly, for the switching amplifier 400 further comprises thenegative feedback signal generator 111 to generate the negative feedbacksignal corresponding to the output signal 112 and the amplifier controlunit 105 integrates the input signal 106 and the negative feedbacksignal 112, the pulse modulation unit 105B receives the compensateddiscrete time signal X[n].

As further illustrated in FIG. 3, the negative feedback controller 303receives the discrete time input signal from the analog to digitalconverter 301 and compares it to the negative feedback signal 112,therefore to adjust the gain G of the linear digital transformer 302according to the comparison. For example, if the negative feedbacksignal 112 corresponding to the output signal 508 shows that the outputsignal 508 is below a required level, then the negative feedbackcontroller 303 will increase the gain G of the linear digitaltransformer 302 to increase the output signal 508, wherein said requiredlevel is obtained according to the discrete time input signal.

In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment 400, the amplifier controlunit 105 is a digital signal processing circuit. And it is obvious for acorresponding embodiment of an analog signal processing circuit for theamplifier control unit 105 in accordance with this invention by using ananalog input unit for receiving an analog input signal, a programmablegain amplifier for amplifying the an analog input signal and a pulsemodulator for pulse modulating said amplified analog signal.

The switching amplifier 400 according to the present invention furthercomprising: a rectifying and smoothing unit comprising a full bridgerectifier 415 and a capacitor 413 to rectify and smooth an alternatingcurrent (AC) voltage 416 and to provide the direct current (DC) voltage109.

The switching amplifier 400 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits 417, 418 coupled between the switches402A, 402B of the pulsed current supply unit and the amplifier controlunit 105 to provide electric isolation between them.

The switching amplifier 400 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits 419, 420 coupled between the switchingpower transmitting unit 404 and the amplifier control unit 105 toprovide electric isolation between them.

The switching amplifier 400 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits 421 coupled between the negative feedbacksignal generator 111 and the amplifier control unit 105 to provideelectric isolation between them.

The switching amplifier 400 according to the present invention furthercomprising: the flyback transformer further comprising one or more thanone slave output winding units that each slave winding unit comprises aslave output winding 401D; one or more than one switching powertransmitting units 422 and their corresponding filters 425 coupled tothe slave output winding units of the flyback transformer 401 forgetting or more than one slave output signals 423 corresponding to theinput signal.

The switching amplifier 400 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits coupled between the switching powertransmitting units 422 and the amplifier control unit 105 to provideelectric isolation between the switching power transmitting units 422and the amplifier control unit 105.

FIG. 5 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating a secondembodiment of a switching amplifier 500 in accordance with presentinvention.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, the switching amplifier 500 of the presentinvention for amplifying an input signal 106 having positive andnegative polarities is comprised of: a pulsed current supply unit havinga plurality of switches 502 for switching a pulsed direct current (DC)current from a direct current (DC) voltage 109; a switching powertransmitting unit 504 having a plurality of switches 504B, 504C, 504D,504E and coupled to the pulsed current supply unit for conducting thepulsed direct current (DC) current positively or negatively; anamplifier control unit 105 for receiving the input signal 106 andcoupled to the switches 502 of the pulsed current supply unit and theswitching power transmitting unit 504 to control their switchingaccording to the input signal 106; a filter unit 507 to obtain an outputsignal 508 corresponding to the input signal 106 by filtering the outputof the switching power transmitting unit 504 and outputting the outputsignal 508.

The switching amplifier 500 of the present invention, wherein its pulsedcurrent supply unit comprises: a flyback transformer 501; a firstswitching unit 502A coupled to the flyback transformer 501 for switchinga current from a direct current (DC) voltage 109 to the flybacktransformer 501; a second switching unit 502B coupled between theflyback transformer 501 and the direct current (DC) voltage 109 forswitching a current from the flyback transformer 501 to the directcurrent (DC) voltage 109; wherein the pulsed current supply unit outputsa pulsed current when the switches of the first switching unit 502A andthe second switching unit 502B are all switched off. A diode means 502Cis for preventing a current flow from the direct current (DC) voltage109 to the secondary winding 501B.

The switching amplifier 500 of the present invention, wherein theflyback transformer 501 comprises: a primary winding 501A coupled to thefirst switching unit 502A for charging energy to the flyback transformerfrom the direct current (DC) voltage 109; a secondary winding 501Bcoupled to the second switching unit 502B for discharging energy storedin the flyback transformer 501 to the direct current (DC) voltage 109;an output winding unit comprising two output windings 501C, 501D fordischarging energy stored in the flyback transformer to the outputsignal 508.

The switching amplifier 500 of the present invention, wherein theswitching power transmitting unit 504 comprises: a diode means unitcomprising two diodes 504A, 504B for preventing a current flow from thefilter unit 507 to the pulsed current supply unit; a plurality ofswitches 504C, 504D for transmitting a current from the pulsed currentsupply unit to the filter unit 507 positively or negatively.

FIG. 2 are exemplary waveform diagrams illustrating the variouswaveforms at input and output points of switching control units in thecircuits of various figures in accordance with the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a non-limiting exemplary waveform for thepulse modulated signal from the pulse modulation unit 105B isillustrated in FIG. 2(A), since the input signal 106 has first andsecond polarities; therefore, the pulse modulated signal also has firstand second polarities. According to the pulse modulated signalillustrated in FIG. 2(A), a non-limiting exemplary waveform of switchingcontrol signals from the switching control unit 105C to the switch 502Afor controlling its switching is illustrated in FIG. 2(B); anon-limiting exemplary waveform of switching control signal from theswitching control unit 105C to the switch 502B for controlling itsswitching is illustrated in FIG. 2(C). Also according to the pulsemodulated signal illustrated in FIG. 2(A), non-limiting exemplarywaveforms of switching control signals from the switching control unit105C to the switches 504C and 504D are illustrated in FIG. 2(D) and FIG.2(E), respectively.

Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 2, when the input signal106 is zero, the switches 504C, 504D of the switching power transmittingunit 504 are all switched off. The switches 502A and 502B switch on andoff alternatively to charge and discharge the flyback transformer 501 toregulate current of the flyback transformer 501: when the switch 502Aswitches on and 502B switches off, the flyback transformer 501 ischarging energy from the direct current (DC) voltage 109; and when theswitch 502A switches off and 502B switches on, the energy contained inthe flyback transformer 501 is discharged back to the direct current(DC) voltage 109. Therefore, at steady state, for approximately equalcharging and discharging time, the energy flow in and out of the flybacktransformer 501 are equal during each switching, therefore, thisswitching keeps the energy stored in the flyback transformer 501constant. For the inductance of the primary winding 501A is large enoughand the switching frequency of the switches 502A and 502B is fastenough, the current flow through the flyback transformer 501 keepsapproximately constant since its variation is small enough.

When the input signal 106 is not zero, as illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG.2(A)˜2(E), the switches 502A, 502B and the switching power transmittingunit 504 switch alternatively to keep the energy stored in the flybacktransformer 501 constant, therefore when the switching powertransmitting unit 504 is switched on, the current from the flybacktransformer 501 to the filter 507 keeps constant.

As illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 2(A), 2(D), 2(E) the switches 504C,504D switch for conducting the current from the flyback transformer 501to the filter unit 507. For the polarity of the pulse modulated signalFIG. 2(A) is positive, the switch 504C switches on for conducting thecurrent from the flyback transformer 501 to the filter unit 507positively; otherwise, for the polarity of the pulse modulated signalFIG. 2(A) is negative, the switch 504D switches on for conducting thecurrent from the flyback transformer 501 to the filter unit 507negatively.

As further illustrated in FIG. 5, the filter unit 507 is a low passfilter to obtain the output signal 508 corresponding to the input signal106 by filtering the output of the switching power transmitting unit 504and outputting the output signal 508.

As further illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 2, the level of the outputsignal 508 can be adjusted by control the current level of the flybacktransformer 501. Based on the current level feedback signal 510representing a current flow through the flyback transformer 501, theswitching control unit 105C can adjust the current flow through theflyback transformer 501 by changing the duty ratio between the chargingand discharging periods of the flyback transformer 501 according to thecurrent level feedback signal 510.

As further illustrated in FIG. 5, the switching amplifier 500 furthercomprises a negative feedback signal generator 111 to generate anegative feedback signal corresponding to the output signal 112, whereinthe amplifier control unit 105 integrates the input signal 106 and thenegative feedback signal 112.

FIG. 3 is an exemplary block and circuit diagram illustrating anembodiment of the amplifier control unit 105 integrating the inputsignal 106 and a negative feedback signal 112 in FIG. 5 in accordancewith the present invention.

As illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, the input unit 105A has an analogto digital converter 301 and further comprises a linear digitaltransformer 302 and a negative feedback controller 303. Wherein theanalog to digital converter 301 receives the input signal 106 andconverts the input signal 106 to a discrete time input signal:

x={x[n]}, 0<n<∞;

The linear digital transformer 302 transforms the discrete time inputsignal x[n] by multiplying a gain G to the discrete time input signal(the default value of the gain G is 1):

X[n]={G×x[n]), 0<n<∞

to get a compensated discrete time signal X[n] and sends the compensateddiscrete time signal X[n] to pulse modulation unit 105B.Accordingly, for the switching amplifier 500 further comprises thenegative feedback signal generator 111 to generate the negative feedbacksignal corresponding to the output signal 112 and the amplifier controlunit 105 integrates the input signal 106 and the negative feedbacksignal 112, the pulse modulation unit 105B receives the compensateddiscrete time signal X[n].

As further illustrated in FIG. 3, the negative feedback controller 303receives the discrete time input signal from the analog to digitalconverter 301 and compares it to the negative feedback signal 112,therefore to adjust the gain G of the linear digital transformer 302according to the comparison. For example, if the negative feedbacksignal 112 corresponding to the output signal 508 shows that the outputsignal 508 is below a required level, then the negative feedbackcontroller 303 will increase the gain G of the linear digitaltransformer 302 to increase the output signal 508, wherein said requiredlevel is obtained according to the discrete time input signal.

In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment 500, the amplifier controlunit 105 is a digital signal processing circuit. And it is obvious for acorresponding embodiment of an analog signal processing circuit for theamplifier control unit 105 in accordance with this invention by using ananalog input unit for receiving an analog input signal, a programmablegain amplifier for amplifying the an analog input signal and a pulsemodulator for pulse modulating said amplified analog signal.

The switching amplifier 500 according to the present invention furthercomprising: a rectifying and smoothing unit comprising a full bridgerectifier 515 and a capacitor 513 to rectify and smooth an alternatingcurrent (AC) voltage 516 and to provide the direct current (DC) voltage109.

The switching amplifier 500 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits 517, 518 coupled between the switches502A, 502B of the pulsed current supply unit and the amplifier controlunit 105 to provide electric isolation between them.

The switching amplifier 500 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits 519, 520 coupled between the switchingpower transmitting unit 504 and the amplifier control unit 105 toprovide electric isolation between them.

The switching amplifier 500 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits 521 coupled between the negative feedbacksignal generator 111 and the amplifier control unit 105 to provideelectric isolation between them.

The switching amplifier 500 according to the present invention furthercomprising: the flyback transformer further comprising one or more thanone slave output winding units that each slave winding unit comprisestwo slave output windings 501E, 501F; one or more than one switchingpower transmitting units 522 and their corresponding filters 525 coupledto the slave output winding units of the flyback transformer 501 forgetting or more than one slave output signals 523 corresponding to theinput signal.

The switching amplifier 500 according to the present invention furthercomprising: isolator circuits coupled between the switching powertransmitting units 522 and the amplifier control unit 105 to provideelectric isolation between the switching power transmitting units 522and the amplifier control unit 105.

From the switching amplifiers 100, 400 and 500 in accordance with thepresent invention, one aspect of the present invention provides aswitching amplifier that is highly efficient and without the “dead time”problem related to the class D amplifiers. Accordingly, the switches ofthe switching amplifiers 100, 400 and 500 are never short the directcurrent (DC) voltage through themselves.

From the switching amplifiers 100, 400 and 500 in accordance with thepresent invention, another aspect of the present invention provides aswitching amplifier that its output signal is completely off when thereis no input signal, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

From the switching amplifiers 100, 400 and 500 in accordance with thepresent invention, yet another aspect of the present invention providesa switching amplifier comprised of an act of comparing an input signalwith an output feedback signal for detection and correction of overallsystem signal processes therefore is substantially immune to DC currentsource supply and load perturbations, as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 4 and5.

It is to be understood that the above described embodiments are merelyillustrative of the principles of the invention and that otherarrangements may be devised by those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

1. A method of getting an output signal, wherein the output signal is alinearly amplified replica of an input signal having first and secondpolarities, comprising the steps of: receiving the input signal; pulsemodulating the input signal for generating a pulse modulated signal;switching a pulsed direct current (DC) current according to the pulsemodulated signal; conducting said pulsed direct current (DC) currentpositively or negatively to a filter according to the polarity of theinput signal; filtering said pulsed direct current (DC) currentpositively or negatively conducted to the filter for outputting theoutput signal by the filter.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein saidswitching the pulsed direct current (DC) current according to the pulsemodulated signal comprises: switching a current from a direct current(DC) voltage to an inductance means for charging the inductance means;switching a the pulsed direct current (DC) current flowing through aloop comprising the inductance means and the filter according to thepulse modulated signal for discharging the inductance means to theoutput signal; switching a current from the inductance means to thedirect current (DC) voltage for discharging the inductance means to thedirect current (DC) voltage; wherein said switchings for charging theinductance means, discharging the inductance means to the output signaland discharging the inductance means to the direct current (DC) voltageare controlled to regulate the current of the inductance means.
 3. Themethod of claim 2 further comprising: getting a feedback current signalby detecting the current of the inductance means and integrating thefeedback current signal to process a negative feedback control;adjusting the magnitude of the output signal via regulating the currentof the inductance means through the negative feedback control.
 4. Themethod of claim 1 further comprising: obtaining the direct current (DC)voltage from an alternating current (AC) voltage.
 5. The method of claim1 further comprising: getting a feedback signal by detecting the outputsignal and integrating the feedback signal to process a negativefeedback control.
 6. The method of claim 2, wherein the inductance meanscomprises an inductor or a flyback transformer.
 7. (canceled) 8.(canceled)
 9. A switching amplifier for amplifying an input signalhaving first and second polarities, said amplifier comprising: a pulsedcurrent supply unit comprising a plurality of switches for switching apulsed direct current (DC) current; a switching power transmitting unitcomprising a plurality of switches and coupled to the pulsed currentsupply unit for conducting the pulsed direct current (DC) currentpositively or negatively to a filter unit; an amplifier control unit forreceiving the input signal and coupled to the switches of the pulsedcurrent supply unit and the switching power transmitting unit to controltheir switching according to the input signal; the filter unit to obtainan output signal corresponding to the input signal by filtering thepulsed direct current (DC) current positively or negatively conductedfrom the switching power transmitting unit for outputting the outputsignal.
 10. The switching amplifier according to claim 9, wherein thepulsed current supply unit comprises: an inductance means; a firstswitching unit comprising at least one switch and coupled to theinductance means for switching a current from a direct current (DC)voltage to the inductance means for charging the inductance means; asecond switching unit comprising at least one switch and coupled betweenthe inductance means and the direct current (DC) voltage for switching acurrent from the inductance means to the direct current (DC) voltage fordischarging the inductance means to the direct current (DC) voltage. 11.The switching amplifier according to claim 9, wherein the switchingpower transmitting unit comprises: a diode means unit for preventing acurrent flow from the filter unit to the pulsed current supply unit; aplurality of switches for transmitting a current from the pulsed currentsupply unit to the filter unit positively or negatively.
 12. Theswitching amplifier according to claim 9, further comprising: arectifying and smoothing unit to rectify and smooth an alternatingcurrent (AC) voltage and to provide the direct current (DC) voltage. 13.The switching amplifier according to claim 9, further comprising: anegative feedback signal generator to generate a negative feedbacksignal corresponding to the output signal, wherein the amplifier controlunit integrates the input signal and the negative feedback signal toprocess a negative feedback control.
 14. The switching amplifieraccording to claim 10, wherein the inductance means is comprises aninductor or a flyback transformer.
 15. The switching amplifier accordingto claim 14, wherein the flyback transformer comprises: a primarywinding coupled to the first switching unit for charging energy to theflyback transformer from the direct current (DC) voltage; a secondarywinding coupled to the second switching unit for discharging energystored in the flyback transformer to the direct current (DC) voltage; anoutput winding unit comprising an output winding or two output windingsfor discharging energy stored in the flyback transformer to the outputsignal.
 16. The switching amplifier according to claim 15, furthercomprising: the flyback transformer further comprising one or more thanone slave output winding units that each slave winding unit comprises anslave output winding or two slave output windings; one or more than oneswitching power transmitting units and their corresponding filterscoupled to the slave output winding units of the flyback transformer forgetting or more than one slave output signals corresponding to the inputsignal.
 17. The switching amplifier according to claim 9, furthercomprising: isolator circuits coupled between the pulsed current supplyunit and the amplifier control unit to provide electric isolationbetween the pulsed current supply unit and the amplifier control unit;or isolator circuits coupled between the switching power transmittingunit and the amplifier control unit to provide electric isolationbetween the switching power transmitting unit and the amplifier controlunit;
 18. The switching amplifier according to claim 13, furthercomprising: isolator circuits coupled between the negative feedbacksignal generator and the amplifier control unit to provide electricisolation between the negative feedback signal generator and theamplifier control unit.
 19. The switching amplifier according to claim16, further comprising: isolator circuits coupled between the switchingpower transmitting units and the amplifier control unit to provideelectric isolation between the switching power transmitting units andthe amplifier control unit.
 20. The switching amplifier according toclaim 9, wherein the input signal is an analog signal or a discrete timesignal.
 21. The switching amplifier according to claim 9, wherein thefilter unit is a low pass filter or a band pass filter or a band stopfilter.
 22. A method of supplying a pulsed direct current (DC) current,comprising: switching a current from a direct current (DC) voltage to aninductance means for charging the inductance means; switching the pulseddirect current (DC) current flowing through the inductance means fordischarging the inductance means to supply the pulsed direct current(DC) current; switching a current from the inductance means to thedirect current (DC) voltage for discharging the inductance means to thedirect current (DC) voltage; wherein said switchings for charging theinductance means, discharging the inductance means to supply the pulseddirect current (DC) current and discharging the inductance means to thedirect current (DC) voltage are controlled to regulate the current ofthe inductance means.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the inductancemeans comprises an inductor or a flyback transformer.